Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR),
a game-changer in biomedicine unlocks the potential for large-scale genetic studies in cancer.
CRISPR is not just a tool, it's a revolution in
cancer research, offering hope for a future where we can
outsmart and overcome this disease.
It allows us to:
• Identify genes crucial for CAR T-cell therapy,
improving its effectiveness.
• Pinpoint genes associated with breast cancer
risk, aiding in prevention strategies.
• Discover vulnerabilities in colon cancer,
paving the way for targeted therapies.
• Identify driver genes in liver cancer,
facilitating better treatment options.
• Study tumor development, drug resistance, and
immunotherapy, leading to breakthroughs.
This versatile technology, with its high
efficiency and scalability, holds immense promise for revolutionizing cancer
research and ultimately, improving patient outcomes.
Nobel Prize Winners for CRISPR Discovery:
Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
(pictured below) were jointly awarded the 20
20 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for
their groundbreaking work on developing CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology.
1. Deciphering Cancer Vulnerabilities:
• Enhanced CAR T-cell therapy:
- CRISPR identifies genes like TLE4 and IKZF2,
boosting CAR T-cell antitumor activity for improved cancer treatment.
• Actionable targets in colorectal cancer:
- RUVBL1/2 genes discovered as druggable targets
for personalized therapy against YTHDF1-overexpressing cancer cells.
• Precise breast cancer risk assessment:
- CRISPR pinpoints gene targets associated with risk loci, aiding in early
detection and prevention strategies.
2. Decoding the Cancer Genome
• Overcoming drug resistance:
- Genome-wide CRISPR screens identify
vulnerabilities in colon cancer, paving the way for therapies that bypass
resistance.
• Driver genes in liver cancer:
- CRISPR activation screening reveals key genes
driving liver cancer, facilitating targeted therapy development.
• Understanding the tumor microenvironment:
- Live CRISPR screens reveal key targets for
novel immunotherapies.
Some other applications:
(1) Ribosome Profiling Protocol
1. Unveiling Risk Genes:
- Pooled CRISPR screens decode
gene roles within breast cancer risk loci, pinpointing the true drivers lurking
among the suspects.
2. From Risk to Function:
- Validated "hit" genes
reveal how specific risk variants influence their function, providing deeper
insights into cancer development.
3. Precision Power:
- This knowledge fuels efforts for personalized risk assessment, targeted therapies, and potentially, future precision medicine approaches.
Practical Implications along the timeline:
1.CRISPR screening in cancer research shows great promise:
⚬ Identified key genes and pathways in various
cancers, including bladder, colorectal, liver, and brain.
⚬ Helped understand mechanisms of CAR T-cell
therapy, drug resistance, and cancer development.
⚬ Provided potential therapeutic targets and
vulnerabilities for personalized treatment approaches.
2. CRISPR screening holds potential beyond
cancer:
⚬ Though success has been limited in other fields
like cardiovascular research, the versatile and efficient nature of CRISPR
screening suggests broader applicability.
⚬ Further development and optimization can unlock
its full potential for diverse research areas.
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